Extracting prog: 1m7.849110166s Minimizing prog: 9m53.267584824s Simplifying prog options: 4m15.162621455s Extracting C: 32.972982824s Simplifying C: 0s extracting reproducer from 1 programs testing a last program of every proc single: executing 1 programs separately with timeout 30s testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:true Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:5 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-socket$inet6-setsockopt$inet6_int-openat-write detailed listing: executing program 0: mkdirat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f00000000c0)='./sys\x00', 0x1ff) mount(0x0, &(0x7f0000000100)='./sys\x00', &(0x7f0000000140)='sysfs\x00', 0x0, 0x0) r0 = socket$inet6(0xa, 0x800000000000002, 0x0) setsockopt$inet6_int(r0, 0x29, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0) r1 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000180)='./sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/remove\x00', 0x1, 0x0) write(r1, &(0x7f00000001c0)='1', 0x1) program crashed: SYZFAIL: posix_spawnp failed single: successfully extracted reproducer found reproducer with 6 syscalls minimizing guilty program testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:true Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:5 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-socket$inet6-setsockopt$inet6_int-openat detailed listing: executing program 0: mkdirat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f00000000c0)='./sys\x00', 0x1ff) mount(0x0, &(0x7f0000000100)='./sys\x00', &(0x7f0000000140)='sysfs\x00', 0x0, 0x0) r0 = socket$inet6(0xa, 0x800000000000002, 0x0) setsockopt$inet6_int(r0, 0x29, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0) openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000180)='./sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/remove\x00', 0x1, 0x0) program did not crash testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:true Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:5 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-socket$inet6-setsockopt$inet6_int-write detailed listing: executing program 0: mkdirat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f00000000c0)='./sys\x00', 0x1ff) mount(0x0, &(0x7f0000000100)='./sys\x00', &(0x7f0000000140)='sysfs\x00', 0x0, 0x0) r0 = socket$inet6(0xa, 0x800000000000002, 0x0) setsockopt$inet6_int(r0, 0x29, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0) write(0xffffffffffffffff, &(0x7f00000001c0)='1', 0x1) program did not crash testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:true Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:5 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-socket$inet6-openat-write detailed listing: executing program 0: mkdirat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f00000000c0)='./sys\x00', 0x1ff) mount(0x0, &(0x7f0000000100)='./sys\x00', &(0x7f0000000140)='sysfs\x00', 0x0, 0x0) socket$inet6(0xa, 0x800000000000002, 0x0) r0 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000180)='./sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/remove\x00', 0x1, 0x0) write(r0, &(0x7f00000001c0)='1', 0x1) program crashed: SYZFAIL: posix_spawnp failed testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:true Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:5 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-openat-write detailed listing: executing program 0: mkdirat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f00000000c0)='./sys\x00', 0x1ff) mount(0x0, &(0x7f0000000100)='./sys\x00', &(0x7f0000000140)='sysfs\x00', 0x0, 0x0) r0 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000180)='./sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/remove\x00', 0x1, 0x0) write(r0, &(0x7f00000001c0)='1', 0x1) program crashed: SYZFAIL: posix_spawnp failed testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:true Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:5 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-openat-write detailed listing: executing program 0: mkdirat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f00000000c0)='./sys\x00', 0x1ff) r0 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000180)='./sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/remove\x00', 0x1, 0x0) write(r0, &(0x7f00000001c0)='1', 0x1) program did not crash testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:true Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:5 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mount-openat-write detailed listing: executing program 0: mount(0x0, &(0x7f0000000100)='./sys\x00', &(0x7f0000000140)='sysfs\x00', 0x0, 0x0) r0 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000180)='./sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/remove\x00', 0x1, 0x0) write(r0, &(0x7f00000001c0)='1', 0x1) program did not crash testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:true Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:5 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-openat-write detailed listing: executing program 0: mkdirat(0xffffffffffffff9c, 0x0, 0x1ff) mount(0x0, &(0x7f0000000100)='./sys\x00', &(0x7f0000000140)='sysfs\x00', 0x0, 0x0) r0 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000180)='./sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/remove\x00', 0x1, 0x0) write(r0, &(0x7f00000001c0)='1', 0x1) program did not crash testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:true Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:5 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-openat-write detailed listing: executing program 0: mkdirat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f00000000c0)='./sys\x00', 0x1ff) mount(0x0, 0x0, &(0x7f0000000140)='sysfs\x00', 0x0, 0x0) r0 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000180)='./sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/remove\x00', 0x1, 0x0) write(r0, &(0x7f00000001c0)='1', 0x1) program did not crash testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:true Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:5 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-openat-write detailed listing: executing program 0: mkdirat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f00000000c0)='./sys\x00', 0x1ff) mount(0x0, &(0x7f0000000100)='./sys\x00', 0x0, 0x0, 0x0) r0 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000180)='./sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/remove\x00', 0x1, 0x0) write(r0, &(0x7f00000001c0)='1', 0x1) program did not crash testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:true Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:5 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-openat-write detailed listing: executing program 0: mkdirat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f00000000c0)='./sys\x00', 0x1ff) mount(0x0, &(0x7f0000000100)='./sys\x00', &(0x7f0000000140)='sysfs\x00', 0x0, 0x0) r0 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0) write(r0, &(0x7f00000001c0)='1', 0x1) program did not crash testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:true Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:5 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-openat-write detailed listing: executing program 0: mkdirat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f00000000c0)='./sys\x00', 0x1ff) mount(0x0, &(0x7f0000000100)='./sys\x00', &(0x7f0000000140)='sysfs\x00', 0x0, 0x0) r0 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000180)='./sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/remove\x00', 0x1, 0x0) write(r0, 0x0, 0x0) program did not crash testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:true Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:5 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-openat-write detailed listing: executing program 0: mkdirat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f00000000c0)='./sys\x00', 0x1ff) mount(0x0, &(0x7f0000000100)='./sys\x00', &(0x7f0000000140)='sysfs\x00', 0x0, 0x0) r0 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000180)='./sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/remove\x00', 0x1, 0x0) write(r0, &(0x7f00000001c0), 0x0) program did not crash extracting C reproducer testing compiled C program (duration=30s, {Threaded:true Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:5 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-openat-write program did not crash simplifying guilty program options testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:false Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:5 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-openat-write detailed listing: executing program 0: mkdirat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f00000000c0)='./sys\x00', 0x1ff) mount(0x0, &(0x7f0000000100)='./sys\x00', &(0x7f0000000140)='sysfs\x00', 0x0, 0x0) r0 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000180)='./sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/remove\x00', 0x1, 0x0) write(r0, &(0x7f00000001c0)='1', 0x1) program crashed: SYZFAIL: posix_spawnp failed extracting C reproducer testing compiled C program (duration=30s, {Threaded:false Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:5 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-openat-write program did not crash testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:false Repeat:false RepeatTimes:0 Procs:1 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:false Cgroups:false BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-openat-write detailed listing: executing program 0: mkdirat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f00000000c0)='./sys\x00', 0x1ff) mount(0x0, &(0x7f0000000100)='./sys\x00', &(0x7f0000000140)='sysfs\x00', 0x0, 0x0) r0 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000180)='./sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/remove\x00', 0x1, 0x0) write(r0, &(0x7f00000001c0)='1', 0x1) program did not crash testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:false Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:1 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-openat-write detailed listing: executing program 0: mkdirat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f00000000c0)='./sys\x00', 0x1ff) mount(0x0, &(0x7f0000000100)='./sys\x00', &(0x7f0000000140)='sysfs\x00', 0x0, 0x0) r0 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000180)='./sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/remove\x00', 0x1, 0x0) write(r0, &(0x7f00000001c0)='1', 0x1) program crashed: SYZFAIL: posix_spawnp failed extracting C reproducer testing compiled C program (duration=30s, {Threaded:false Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:1 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-openat-write program did not crash testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:false Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:1 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-openat-write detailed listing: executing program 0: mkdirat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f00000000c0)='./sys\x00', 0x1ff) mount(0x0, &(0x7f0000000100)='./sys\x00', &(0x7f0000000140)='sysfs\x00', 0x0, 0x0) r0 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000180)='./sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/remove\x00', 0x1, 0x0) write(r0, &(0x7f00000001c0)='1', 0x1) program crashed: SYZFAIL: posix_spawnp failed validation run: crashed=true testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:false Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:1 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-openat-write detailed listing: executing program 0: mkdirat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f00000000c0)='./sys\x00', 0x1ff) mount(0x0, &(0x7f0000000100)='./sys\x00', &(0x7f0000000140)='sysfs\x00', 0x0, 0x0) r0 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000180)='./sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/remove\x00', 0x1, 0x0) write(r0, &(0x7f00000001c0)='1', 0x1) program crashed: SYZFAIL: posix_spawnp failed validation run: crashed=true testing program (duration=30s, {Threaded:false Repeat:true RepeatTimes:0 Procs:1 Slowdown:1 Sandbox:none SandboxArg:0 Leak:false NetInjection:true NetDevices:true NetReset:true Cgroups:true BinfmtMisc:true CloseFDs:true KCSAN:false DevlinkPCI:false NicVF:false USB:true VhciInjection:false Wifi:false IEEE802154:false Sysctl:true Swap:true UseTmpDir:true HandleSegv:true Trace:false CallComments:true LegacyOptions:{Collide:false Fault:false FaultCall:0 FaultNth:0}}): mkdirat-mount-openat-write detailed listing: executing program 0: mkdirat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f00000000c0)='./sys\x00', 0x1ff) mount(0x0, &(0x7f0000000100)='./sys\x00', &(0x7f0000000140)='sysfs\x00', 0x0, 0x0) r0 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000180)='./sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:03.0/remove\x00', 0x1, 0x0) write(r0, &(0x7f00000001c0)='1', 0x1) program crashed: SYZFAIL: posix_spawnp failed validation run: crashed=true reproducing took 19m15.428015805s repro crashed as (corrupted=false): 2026/11/01 16:50:30 executed programs: 196 2026/11/01 16:50:35 executed programs: 496 SYZFAIL: posix_spawnp failed (errno 5: Input/output error) connection error: failed to recv *flatrpc.ExecutorMessageRawT: read tcp 127.0.0.1:33943->127.0.0.1:39274: read: connection reset by peer final repro crashed as (corrupted=false): 2026/11/01 16:50:30 executed programs: 196 2026/11/01 16:50:35 executed programs: 496 SYZFAIL: posix_spawnp failed (errno 5: Input/output error) connection error: failed to recv *flatrpc.ExecutorMessageRawT: read tcp 127.0.0.1:33943->127.0.0.1:39274: read: connection reset by peer