------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free. WARNING: lib/refcount.c:25 at refcount_warn_saturate+0x9f/0x110 lib/refcount.c:25, CPU#0: syz.0.3850/21198 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 21198 Comm: syz.0.3850 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/24/2026 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x9f/0x110 lib/refcount.c:25 Code: eb 66 85 db 74 3e 83 fb 01 75 4c e8 7b bf 23 fd 48 8d 3d 14 4f 59 0b 67 48 0f b9 3a eb 4a e8 68 bf 23 fd 48 8d 3d 11 4f 59 0b <67> 48 0f b9 3a eb 37 e8 55 bf 23 fd 48 8d 3d 0e 4f 59 0b 67 48 0f RSP: 0018:ffffc9000e437380 EFLAGS: 00010293 RAX: ffffffff84a097e8 RBX: 0000000000000002 RCX: ffff888022713d00 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff8ece7600 RDI: ffffffff8ff9e700 RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: ffff888022713d00 R09: 0000000000000005 R10: 0000000000000004 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff888056348854 R13: 1ffff92001bad60c R14: ffff88802ddba054 R15: ffff88802ddba000 FS: 00007f9eca0b76c0(0000) GS:ffff8881256ea000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007f9eca075d58 CR3: 0000000060af6000 CR4: 00000000003526f0 Call Trace: __add_used_btf+0x152/0x2e0 kernel/bpf/verifier.c:20703 check_pseudo_btf_id+0x76e/0xba0 kernel/bpf/verifier.c:20834 resolve_pseudo_ldimm64+0x3f4/0xcd0 kernel/bpf/verifier.c:21084 bpf_check+0x1d82/0x1c4c0 kernel/bpf/verifier.c:25222 bpf_prog_load+0x1484/0x1ae0 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:3088 __sys_bpf+0x570/0x920 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:6164 __do_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:6274 [inline] __se_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:6272 [inline] __x64_sys_bpf+0x7c/0x90 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:6272 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xe2/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f9ec919af79 Code: ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 e8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007f9eca0b7028 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000141 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f9ec9415fa0 RCX: 00007f9ec919af79 RDX: 0000000000000094 RSI: 0000200000000180 RDI: 0000000000000005 RBP: 00007f9ec92316e0 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f9ec9416038 R14: 00007f9ec9415fa0 R15: 00007ffd8961acf8 ---------------- Code disassembly (best guess): 0: eb 66 jmp 0x68 2: 85 db test %ebx,%ebx 4: 74 3e je 0x44 6: 83 fb 01 cmp $0x1,%ebx 9: 75 4c jne 0x57 b: e8 7b bf 23 fd call 0xfd23bf8b 10: 48 8d 3d 14 4f 59 0b lea 0xb594f14(%rip),%rdi # 0xb594f2b 17: 67 48 0f b9 3a ud1 (%edx),%rdi 1c: eb 4a jmp 0x68 1e: e8 68 bf 23 fd call 0xfd23bf8b 23: 48 8d 3d 11 4f 59 0b lea 0xb594f11(%rip),%rdi # 0xb594f3b * 2a: 67 48 0f b9 3a ud1 (%edx),%rdi <-- trapping instruction 2f: eb 37 jmp 0x68 31: e8 55 bf 23 fd call 0xfd23bf8b 36: 48 8d 3d 0e 4f 59 0b lea 0xb594f0e(%rip),%rdi # 0xb594f4b 3d: 67 addr32 3e: 48 rex.W 3f: 0f .byte 0xf